Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Which of the following is an area of physics that studies motion and its
causes?
a. | thermodynamics | c. | quantum mechanics | b. | mechanics | d. | optics |
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2.
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The symbols for units of length in order from smallest to largest are
a. | m, cm, mm, and km. | c. | km, mm, cm, and m. | b. | mm, m, cm, and km. | d. | mm, cm, m, and
km. |
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3.
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The SI base unit used to measure mass is the
a. | meter. | c. | kilogram. | b. | second. | d. | liter. |
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4.
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If some measurements agree closely with each other but differ widely from the
actual value, these measurements are
a. | neither precise nor accurate. | b. | accurate but not precise. | c. | acceptable as a new
standard of accuracy. | d. | precise but not
accurate. |
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5.
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What are the basic SI units?
a. | meters, kilograms, hours | c. | meters, kilograms,
seconds | b. | feet, pounds, seconds | d. | feet, kilograms, seconds |
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6.
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What is the speed of an object at rest?
a. | 0.0 m/s | c. | 9.8 m/s | b. | 1.0 m/s | d. | 9.81 m/s |
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7.
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A dolphin swims 1.85 km/h. How far has the dolphin traveled after 0.60 h?
a. | 1.1 km | c. | 0.63 km | b. | 2.5 km | d. | 3.7 km |
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8.
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Acceleration is
a. | displacement. | c. | velocity. | b. | the rate of change of
displacement. | d. | the rate of
change of velocity. |
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9.
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Which of the following units are used to measure free fall?
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10.
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When there is no air resistance, objects of different masses
a. | fall with equal accelerations with similar displacements. | b. | fall with different
accelerations with different displacements. | c. | fall with equal accelerations with different
displacements. | d. | fall with different accelerations with similar
displacements. |
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11.
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Which of the following is a physical quantity that has both magnitude and
direction?
a. | vector | c. | resultant | b. | scalar | d. | frame of
reference |
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12.
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A string attached to an airborne kite was maintained at an angle of 40.0° with the ground. If 120 m of string was reeled in to return the kite back
to the ground, what was the horizontal displacement of the kite? (Assume the kite string did not
sag.)
a. | 110 m | c. | 77 m | b. | 84 m | d. | 92 m |
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13.
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What is the path of a projectile?
a. | a wavy line | b. | a parabola | c. | a
hyperbola | d. | Projectiles do not follow a predictable path. |
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14.
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A piece of chalk is dropped by a teacher walking at a speed of 1.5 m/s. From the
teacher’s perspective, the chalk appears to fall
a. | straight down. | c. | straight down and forward. | b. | straight down and
backward. | d. | straight
backward. |
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15.
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What causes a moving object to change direction?
a. | acceleration | c. | inertia | b. | velocity | d. | force |
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16.
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Which of the following is the tendency of an object to maintain its state of
motion?
a. | acceleration | c. | force | b. | inertia | d. | velocity |
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17.
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A wagon with a weight of 300.0 N is accelerated across a level surface at 0.5
m/s2. What net force acts on the wagon?
(g = 9.81 m/s2)
a. | 9.0 N | c. | 150 N | b. | 15 N | d. | 610 N |
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18.
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The statement by Newton that for every action there is an equal but opposite
reaction is which of his laws of motion?
a. | first | c. | third | b. | second | d. | fourth |
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19.
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The magnitude of the force of gravity acting on an object is
a. | frictional force. | c. | inertia. | b. | weight. | d. | mass. |
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20.
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Work is done when
a. | the displacement is not zero. | b. | the displacement is zero. | c. | the force is
zero. | d. | the force and displacement are perpendicular. |
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21.
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Which of the following energy forms is the sum of kinetic energy and all forms
of potential energy?
a. | total energy | c. | nonmechanical energy | b. | sum (S)
energy | d. | mechanical
energy |
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22.
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An 80.0 kg climber with a 20.0 kg pack climbs 8848 m to the top of Mount
Everest. What is the climber’s potential energy?
a. | 6.94 ´ 106 J | c. | 2.47 ´ 106 J | b. | 4.16 ´
106 J | d. | 1.00 ´ 106 J |
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23.
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A bobsled zips down an ice track starting at 150 m vertical distance up the
hill. Disregarding friction, what is the velocity of the bobsled at the bottom of the hill?
(g = 9.81 m/s2.)
a. | 27 m/s | c. | 45 m/s | b. | 36 m/s | d. | 54 m/s |
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24.
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What is the average power supplied by a 60.0 kg secretary running up a flight of
stairs rising vertically 4.0 m in 4.2 s?
a. | 380 W | c. | 610 W | b. | 560 W | d. | 670 W |
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25.
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A roller coaster climbs up a hill at 4 m/s and then zips down the hill at 30
m/s. The momentum of the roller coaster
a. | is greater up the hill than down the hill. | c. | remains the same throughout the
ride. | b. | is greater down the hill than up the hill. | d. | is zero throughout the
ride. |
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26.
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An ice skater initially skating at a velocity of 3 m/s speeds up to a velocity
of 5 m/s. The momentum of the skater
a. | decreases. | c. | remains the same. | b. | increases. | d. | becomes zero. |
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27.
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The change in an object’s momentum is equal to
a. | the product of the mass of the object and the time interval. | b. | the product of the
force applied to the object and the time interval. | c. | the time interval divided by the net external
force. | d. | the net external force divided by the time interval. |
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28.
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A softball with a mass of 0.11 kg moves at a speed of 12 m/s. Then the ball is
hit by a bat and rebounds in the opposite direction at a speed of 15 m/s. What is the change in
momentum of the ball?
a. | –1.3 kg·m/s | c. | –0.33 kg·m/s | b. | –1.6 kg·m/s | d. | –3.0 kg·m/s |
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29.
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Which of the following statements about the conservation of momentum is NOT
correct?
a. | Momentum is conserved for a system of objects pushing away from each
other. | b. | Momentum is not conserved for a system of objects in a head-on
collision. | c. | Momentum is conserved when two or more interacting objects push away from each
other. | d. | The total momentum of a system of interacting objects remains constant regardless of
forces between the objects. |
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30.
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The gravitational force between two masses is 36 N. What is the gravitational
force if the distance between them is tripled? (G = 6.673 ´ 10–11 N·m2/kg2)
a. | 4.0 N | c. | 18 N | b. | 9.0 N | d. | 27 N |
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31.
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If a net torque is applied to an object, that object will experience which of
the following?
a. | a constant angular speed | c. | a constant moment of
inertia | b. | an angular acceleration | d. | an increasing moment of inertia |
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32.
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Where should a force be applied on a lever arm to produce the most
torque?
a. | closest to the axis of rotation | b. | farthest from the axis of
rotation | c. | in the middle of the lever arm | d. | It doesn’t matter where the force is
applied. |
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33.
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Suppose a doorknob is placed at the center of a door. Compared with a door whose
knob is located at the edge, what amount of force must be applied to this door to produce the torque
exerted on the other door?
a. | one-half as much | c. | one-fourth as much | b. | two times as much | d. | four times as
much |
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34.
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If you cannot exert enough force to loosen a bolt with a wrench, which of the
following should you do?
a. | Use a wrench with a longer handle. | b. | Tie a rope to the end of the wrench and pull on
the rope. | c. | Use a wrench with a shorter handle. | d. | You should exert a force on the wrench closer
to the bolt. |
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35.
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Which of the following statements is NOT correct?
a. | A fluid flows. | b. | A fluid has a definite
shape. | c. | Molecules of a fluid are free to move past each other. | d. | A fluid changes its
shape easily. |
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36.
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Because a buoyant force acts in the opposite direction of gravity,
a. | objects submerged in water have a net force smaller than their
weight. | b. | objects submerged in water have a net force larger than their
weight. | c. | objects submerged in water have a net force equal to their
weight. | d. | objects submerged in water appear to weigh more than they do in
air. |
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37.
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Which of the following statements about floating objects is correct?
a. | The object’s density is greater than the density of the fluid on which it
floats. | b. | The object’s density is equal to the density of the fluid on which it
floats. | c. | The displaced volume of fluid is greater than the volume of the
object. | d. | The buoyant force equals the object’s weight. |
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38.
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A water bed that is 1.5 m wide and 2.5 m long weighs 1055 N. Assuming the entire
lower surface of the bed is in contact with the floor, what is the pressure the bed exerts on the
floor?
a. | 250 Pa | c. | 270 Pa | b. | 260 Pa | d. | 280 Pa |
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39.
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Two paper cups are hung by strings 10 cm apart. If a person blows between the
cups,
a. | they move toward each other. | c. | they do not
move. | b. | they move away from each other. | d. | they move
upward. |
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40.
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Which of the following is proportional to the kinetic energy of atoms and
molecules?
a. | elastic energy | c. | potential energy | b. | temperature | d. | thermal
equilibrium |
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41.
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What is the temperature of a system in thermal equilibrium with another system
made up of water and steam at 1 atm of pressure?
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42.
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Heat flow occurs between two bodies in thermal contact when they differ in which
of the following properties?
a. | mass | c. | density | b. | specific heat | d. | temperature |
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43.
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Which of the following terms describes a transfer of energy?
a. | heat | c. | temperature | b. | internal energy | d. | kinetic energy |
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44.
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An engine absorbs 2150 J as heat from a hot reservoir and gives off 750 J as
heat to a cold reservoir during each cycle. How much work is done during each cycle?
a. | 750 J | c. | 2150 J | b. | 1400 J | d. | 2900 J |
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Short Answer
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45.
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Distinguish between precision and accuracy.
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46.
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What is the acceleration of an object thrown upward? What is its acceleration as
it free falls?
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47.
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Briefly explain why a basketball being thrown toward the hoop is considered
projectile motion.
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48.
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Briefly explain why the true path of a projectile traveling through Earth's
atmosphere is not a parabola.
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49.
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When a car is moving, what happens to the velocity and acceleration of the car
if the air resistance becomes equal to the force acting in the opposite direction?
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50.
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How is work related to force and displacement?
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51.
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What does it mean to say that momentum is conserved?
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52.
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A ball is whirled in a horizontal circular path on the end of a string. Predict
the path of the ball when the string breaks, and explain your answer.
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53.
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How does the use of a machine alter the work done on the object?
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54.
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A water balloon weighing 19.6 N rests on a table. The balloon has an area of
0.015 m2 in contact with the table. What pressure does the balloon exert on the
table?
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55.
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Why is air an effective thermal insulator for the body?
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56.
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A physics textbook is balanced on top of an inflated balloon on a cold morning.
As the day passes, the temperature increases, the balloon expands, and the textbook rises. Is there a
transfer of energy as heat? If so, what is it? Has any work been done?
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Problem
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57.
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What is the speed of a proton that travels 3.022 ´ 1012 m in 2.02 ´
104 s? Express the answer in scientific notation using the correct number of significant
digits.
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58.
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A pair of spectacles are dropped from the top of a 32.0 m high stadium. A pen is
dropped 2.0 s later. How high above the ground is the pen when the spectacles hit the ground?
(Disregard air resistance, g = 9.81 m/s2.)
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59.
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In a game of tug-of-war, a rope is pulled to the left with a force of 75 N and
to the right with a force of 102 N. What is the magnitude and direction of the net external force on
the rope?
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60.
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A skier with a mass of 88 kg hits a ramp of snow at 16 m/s and becomes airborne.
At the highest point of flight, the skier is 3.7 m above the ground. What is the skier’s
gravitational potential energy at this point?
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61.
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A 30.0 kg girl and a 25.0 kg boy face each other on friction free roller skates.
The girl pushes the boy, who moves away at a speed of 2.0 m/s. What is the girl’s speed?
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